Day 27 – Night Section: Python – Functions & Parameters – ECET 2026 CSE

In ECET 2026 Computer Science, Python programming has an important weightage. From functions, parameters, return values, scope – 1 to 2 direct questions are usually asked. Understanding functions is crucial for coding efficiency and exam scoring.

📘 Concept Notes – Python Functions

⚙️ What is a Function?

• A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task.
• Functions make programs modular, readable, and reduce repetition.

Syntax:

def function_name(parameters):
    # function body
    return value

def function_name(parameters):
    # function body
    return value

1️⃣ Types of Functions in Python

1. Built-in Functions → Example: print(), len(), type().
2. User-defined Functions → Created using def.
3. Lambda Functions → Anonymous, single-line functions using lambda.

2️⃣ Function Parameters

Parameters are inputs given to a function.

• Positional Parameters → Values passed in correct order.

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

print(add(5, 3))   # Output: 8

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

print(add(5, 3))   # Output: 8

• Default Parameters → Have a default value if not passed.

def greet(name="Student"):
    print("Hello,", name)

greet()           # Output: Hello, Student
greet("Ravi")     # Output: Hello, Ravi

def greet(name="Student"):
    print("Hello,", name)

greet()           # Output: Hello, Student
greet("Ravi")     # Output: Hello, Ravi

• Keyword Parameters → Arguments passed with names.

def student(name, age):
    print(name, age)

student(age=20, name="Anu")

def student(name, age):
    print(name, age)

student(age=20, name="Anu")

• Variable-Length Parameters:

• *args → Multiple positional arguments.
• **kwargs → Multiple keyword arguments.

def show(*args):
    for i in args:
        print(i)

show(1, 2, 3)   # Output: 1 2 3

def show(*args):
    for i in args:
        print(i)

show(1, 2, 3)   # Output: 1 2 3

3️⃣ Return Statement

• Functions can return values using return.

def square(x):
    return x * x

print(square(4))   # Output: 16

def square(x):
    return x * x

print(square(4))   # Output: 16

🔢 Formula Style

(Here only text-based, no boxes, for WordPress QuickLaTeX plugin)

• Function Definition →
• Return Statement →
• Parameter Types →

🔟 10 Most Expected MCQs – ECET 2026

Q1. Which keyword is used to define a function in Python?
A) func
B) define
C) def
D) function

Q2. What will be the output of:

def add(x, y=10):
    return x + y
print(add(5))

def add(x, y=10):
    return x + y
print(add(5))

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) Error

Q3. Which of the following is NOT a built-in function?
A) print()
B) len()
C) sqrt()
D) def()

Q4. Which parameter type allows passing unlimited arguments?
A) *args
B) **kwargs
C) Both A & B
D) None

Q5. The function lambda x: x+5 is an example of:
A) User-defined function
B) Built-in function
C) Lambda function
D) Recursive function

Q6. If a function has no return statement, what does it return?
A) 0
B) NULL
C) None
D) Error

Q7. What is the output of:

def greet(name="ECET"):
    return "Hello " + name
print(greet())

def greet(name="ECET"):
    return "Hello " + name
print(greet())

A) Hello
B) Hello ECET
C) ECET
D) Error

Q8. Which function gives the length of a list?
A) size()
B) length()
C) len()
D) count()

Q9. Keyword arguments in Python are passed using:
A) Position
B) Name=value
C) Indexing
D) None

Q10. Which statement is correct?
A) Functions cannot return multiple values
B) Functions can return only integers
C) Functions can return multiple values as a tuple
D) None

✅ Answer Key

🧠 Explanations of All Answers

• Q1 → C: Functions are defined using def.
• Q2 → C: Default y=10, so 5+10 = 15.
• Q3 → D: def is a keyword, not a function.
• Q4 → C: *args (positional), **kwargs (keyword).
• Q5 → C: lambda defines anonymous functions.
• Q6 → C: Python returns None if no return.
• Q7 → B: Default parameter = “ECET”.
• Q8 → C: len() gives length.
• Q9 → B: Keyword args use name=value.
• Q10 → C: Functions can return multiple values as tuples.

🎯 Why Practice Functions for ECET 2026?

• Functions are the foundation of Python coding.
• At least 1 direct MCQ + 1 program-based question is expected.
• Understanding parameter types ensures easy scoring.
• Also useful in real-time coding interviews.

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